i18n phases 1+2: BAL translation layer and translatable texts

Phase 1: new bal/i18n.py, BAL's own gettext layer (domain "bal", catalogs
read with plugin.read_file()). _() asks Electrum's catalog first, then
BAL's, then returns the English source. The Qt plugin loads the catalog of
Electrum's GUI language at start-up; the CLI stays English.

Phase 2: every user-visible GUI text is now a whole, extractable sentence
(Ruff INT rules enabled). Class-level texts are marked with N_() and
translated when shown. Stored data stays language-neutral: the status
history is written in English and translated for display, the calendar
defaults follow the GUI language, and the history label and wallet labels
are never translated because BAL uses them to recognise its transactions.

No visible change apart from the double colon fixed in the will detail.
See CHANGELOG entries 58 and 59 and PLAN_I18N.md.
This commit is contained in:
2026-09-26 21:54:50 +02:00
parent e8db76338d
commit 9c654bf2bf
17 changed files with 997 additions and 228 deletions

198
bal/i18n.py Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
"""
bal.i18n
========
Translation layer of the BAL plugin (gettext domain ``bal``).
Why BAL has its own catalog
---------------------------
Electrum translates its interface with gettext (domain ``electrum``). Its
translators only see Electrum's own source code, so the texts of an external
(zip) plugin such as BAL are not in Electrum's catalog, and Electrum offers no
way to translate external plugins. BAL therefore ships its own compiled
catalogs inside the plugin: ``locale/<lang>/LC_MESSAGES/bal.mo``.
Lookup order
------------
:func:`_` returns the first translation found in:
1. **Electrum's catalog.** When Electrum already translates the exact same
English text, its translation wins. BAL then reads like Electrum and
follows Electrum's own translation fixes; if Electrum ever ships BAL as an
internal plugin, Electrum's translations take over with no change here
(owner's decision D7 in ``PLAN_I18N.md``).
2. **BAL's catalog**, for the texts that only BAL has.
3. **The English source text.**
Language
--------
Electrum picks the GUI language once, at start-up (``run_electrum``), and a
change needs a restart. :func:`init_from_config` repeats Electrum's choice
once, when the Qt plugin is created. BAL never detects the language by
itself: otherwise part of a window could be in one language and part in
another. The CLI never calls it, so the CLI stays in English, like Electrum's.
Rules for translatable texts
----------------------------
* Wrap literal English text only: ``_("Sign the will")``.
* Put the variable parts in ``{}`` and fill them *after* translating:
``_("{} heirs").format(count)``. Never build the text with an f-string or
``%`` inside ``_()``: it would change at run time and never match a catalog
entry (Ruff rules INT001-INT003 catch this).
* Texts evaluated at import time (class attributes, tables, constants) are
marked with :func:`N_` and passed to ``_()`` when they are displayed. Every
class body runs before :func:`init_from_config`, so a ``_()`` there would
always return English.
* Never translate text that is stored or compared (wallet labels, the saved
status history, config values used to recognise BAL transactions): stored
data must not depend on the UI language.
"""
import gettext
import io
import string
from typing import Optional
from electrum.i18n import _ as _electrum_gettext
from electrum.logging import get_logger
_logger = get_logger(__name__)
#: gettext domain of the BAL catalogs.
DOMAIN = "bal"
# BAL catalog of the current language, or None (English, CLI, or no usable
# catalog). Set by set_language().
_catalog: Optional[gettext.GNUTranslations] = None
# Source texts whose BAL translation was rejected: the warning is logged once,
# not at every repaint of the widget that shows the text.
_rejected: set = set()
_formatter = string.Formatter()
def keeps_format_fields(msg: str, translation: str) -> bool:
"""Tell whether ``translation`` keeps the ``{}`` fields of ``msg``.
A translation that adds, drops or renames a replacement field would make
the ``.format()`` call that follows raise, or put a value in the wrong
place, so such a translation must not be used.
The rules are copied from Electrum's
``_ensure_translation_keeps_format_string_syntax_similar``
(``electrum/i18n.py``, MIT licence, Copyright (C) The Electrum developers)
rather than importing that private function, which may change without
notice. Keep them identical, so a BAL translation is accepted or rejected
exactly like an Electrum one. The only addition: a malformed source text
returns False here instead of raising.
"""
try:
# Tuples of (literal_text, field_name, format_spec, conversion).
parsed1 = list(_formatter.parse(msg))
parsed2 = list(_formatter.parse(translation))
except ValueError: # malformed format string
return False
if len(parsed1) != len(parsed2):
return False
# The set of field names must not change (re-ordering them is allowed).
return {t[1] for t in parsed1} == {t[1] for t in parsed2}
def _(msg: str) -> str:
"""Return ``msg`` translated into the GUI language.
See the module docstring for the lookup order. ``_("")`` returns ``""``:
for gettext the empty text is the key of the catalog header.
"""
if msg == "":
return ""
translation = _electrum_gettext(msg)
if translation != msg or _catalog is None:
# Electrum's translation wins (Electrum has already checked its {}
# fields); without a BAL catalog there is nothing else to look up.
return translation
translation = _catalog.gettext(msg)
if translation == msg or keeps_format_fields(msg, translation):
return translation
if msg not in _rejected:
_rejected.add(msg)
_logger.warning(
f"rejected BAL translation, replacement fields differ: "
f"{msg!r} -> {translation!r}"
)
return msg
def N_(msg: str) -> str: # noqa: N802 (the conventional gettext marker name)
"""Mark ``msg`` as translatable and return it unchanged.
Used where a text is defined at import time (class attributes, tables,
constants). Extraction tools (Babel, xgettext) collect ``N_("...")`` like
``_("...")``; the code passes the value to ``_()`` when it shows it.
"""
return msg
def set_language(plugin, lang: Optional[str]) -> None:
"""Load the BAL catalog of ``lang`` (for example ``"it_IT"``), or none.
``None``, ``""`` and English (``"en_*"``) load no catalog, so the English
source texts are shown, as Electrum does for ``en_*``.
The catalog is read with ``plugin.read_file()``, the Electrum API BAL uses
for its icons: it works both from the installed zip and from a development
checkout. ``gettext.translation(localedir=...)`` is not used because,
pointed inside a zip, it silently finds nothing.
If ``locale/<lang>/`` has no catalog, the plain language code is tried
(``locale/it/`` for ``it_IT``). A missing or unreadable catalog is logged
and BAL stays in English: a translation problem must never stop the
plugin.
"""
global _catalog
_catalog = None
_rejected.clear()
if not isinstance(lang, str) or not lang or lang.startswith("en_"):
return
codes = [lang]
if "_" in lang:
codes.append(lang.split("_", 1)[0])
for code in codes:
path = "locale/{}/LC_MESSAGES/{}.mo".format(code, DOMAIN)
try:
data = plugin.read_file(path)
except Exception:
# Not shipped for this code (a zip raises KeyError, a development
# folder raises OSError): try the next code.
continue
try:
_catalog = gettext.GNUTranslations(io.BytesIO(data))
except Exception as e:
_logger.info(f"unreadable BAL catalog {path}, using English: {e!r}")
return
_logger.info(f"BAL catalog loaded: {path}")
return
_logger.info(f"no BAL catalog for {lang!r}, using English")
def init_from_config(plugin, config) -> None:
"""Load the BAL catalog of the language Electrum's Qt GUI is using.
Repeats Electrum's own choice in ``run_electrum``: the ``language``
setting (Preferences > Language) or, when it is empty, the system language
if Electrum supports it, else English. Called once, from the Qt plugin's
``__init__``. Never raises.
"""
try:
lang = config.LOCALIZATION_LANGUAGE
if not lang:
from electrum.gui.default_lang import get_default_language
lang = get_default_language(gui_name="qt")
except Exception as e:
# Electrum also falls back to English when it cannot read the
# system language.
_logger.info(f"could not read the GUI language, using English: {e!r}")
lang = None
set_language(plugin, lang)